They incensed Me with no-gods,
Vexed Me with their futilities;
I’ll incense them with a no-folk,
Vex them with a nation of fools.
הֵ֚ם קִנְא֣וּנִי בְלֹא־אֵ֔ל כִּעֲס֖וּנִי בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽאֲנִי֙ אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם בְּלֹא־עָ֔ם בְּג֥וֹי נָבָ֖ל אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃
בלא עם [I WILL MOVE THEM TO JEALOUSY] WITH THOSE WHO ARE NOT A PEOPLE — i.e. with a nation that has no reputation, as it states e.g. of the Chaldeans (Isaiah 23:13), “Behold, the land of the Chaldeans, this people was not; [the Assyrians founded it …]”, and of Esau it states (Obadia 1:2) “Thou art greatly despicable”.
בלא עם. בְּאֻמָּה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ שֵׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיהו כ"ג) הֵן אֶרֶץ כַּשְׂדִים זֶה הָעָם לֹא הָיָה, בְּעֵשָׂו הוּא אוֹמֵר (עובדיה א') בָּזוּי אַתָּה מְאֹד:
אקניאם בלא עם, during the first Temple I will arouse their jealousy by the “non-people,” the Babylonians, destroying the Temple and taking them captive, (compare Isaiah 23,13 and how he describes the Chaldaens), whereas the second Temple will be destroyed through a thoroughly wicked nation
וַאֲנִי אַקְנִיאֵם בְּלֹא עָם. בְּבַיִת רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁהֶחֱרִיבוּהוּ כַּשְׂדִּים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהֶם (ישעיהו כג:יג) ״הֵן אֶרֶץ כַּשְׂדִּים זֶה הָעָם לֹא הָיָה״.
,בגוי נבל אכעיסם, possessing neither their own language nor alphabet. (Gittin 80).
בְּגוֹי נָבָל אַכְעִיסֵם. שֶׁהֶחֱרִיבָה אוֹתוֹ מַלְכוּת שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה הוֹגֶנֶת, שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לָהֶם לֹא כְּתָב וְלֹא לָשׁוֹן (גיטין פ).
Behold the land of Chaldea—
This is the people that has ceased to be.Assyria, which founded it for ships,Which raised its watchtowers,Erected its ramparts,Has turned it into a ruin.
הֵ֣ן ׀ אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ לֹ֣א הָיָ֔ה אַשּׁ֖וּר יְסָדָ֣הּ לְצִיִּ֑ים הֵקִ֣ימוּ (בחיניו)[בַחוּנָ֗יו] עֽוֹרְרוּ֙ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שָׂמָ֖הּ לְמַפֵּלָֽה׃
A római alapítástörténet releváns része: Titus Livius (Ab urbe condita 1.8) https://claude.ai/share/afa6b294-b78a-48bc-9011-2769e00ac9eb
Herzl hite, levele a korabeli arab polgármesternek:
"As Herzl wrote in an oft-quoted letter to Ziah El-Khaldi in 1899, “[Arab] well-being and individual wealth will increase through the importation of ours. Do you believe that an Arab who owns land in Palestine…will be sorry to see [its] value rise five- and ten-fold? But this would most certainly happen with the coming of the Jews.”"
Nemzet-e a palesztin: https://neokohn.hu/2025/09/13/korneli-beata-nemzet-e-a-palesztin-velemeny/
MISHNA: If he wrote the date on the bill of divorce using a calendrical system that counts years in the name of a kingdom that is not legitimate, or he wrote the date in the name of the kingdom of Media, or in the name of the Greek Empire, after it ceased to exist, or he wrote the date counting to the building of the Temple, or counting to the destruction of the Temple, in all these case, the bill of divorce is not valid. In the time of the mishna, the local government was particular that documents be dated with the official government date. Therefore, the Sages instituted that this must be done in bills of divorce as well. If one deviates from this practice, the rabbinic dictates of bills of divorce have been violated, and the bill of divorce is invalid.
מַתְנִי׳ כָּתַב לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת שֶׁאֵינָהּ הוֹגֶנֶת; לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת מָדַי; לְשׁוּם מַלְכוּת יָוָן; לְבִנְיַן הַבַּיִת; לְחוּרְבַּן הַבַּיִת;
GEMARA: It was stated in the mishna that if one wrote the date on a bill of divorce according to a kingdom that is not legitimate, it is invalid. The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the description: A kingdom that is not legitimate? The Gemara answers: This is referring to the Roman Empire, and he wrote the bill of divorce in a different country, such as Babylonia, where the Romans were not in power. And why is it called: A kingdom that is not legitimate? Because they have neither their own script, nor their own language, but rather, they took them from other nations.
גְּמָ׳ מַאי ״מַלְכוּת שֶׁאֵינָהּ הוֹגֶנֶת״? רוֹמִי. וְאַמַּאי קָרֵי לַהּ מַלְכוּת שֶׁאֵינָהּ הוֹגֶנֶת? מִשּׁוּם דְּאֵין לָהֶם לֹא כְּתָב, וְלֹא לָשׁוֹן.